The scholarly literature consistently underscores the indispensable function of peace education as a foundational pillar for sustainable peacebuilding in societies emerging from violent conflict.

This commentary synthesizes key theoretical and empirical insights, arguing that education operates not as a singular intervention but as a multi-faceted ecosystem crucial for reconciliation, social reconstruction, and the prevention of conflict relapse.

Somalia’s transition toward stability and sustainable development cannot be separated from its ecological future. As a nation emerging from decades of conflict, Somalia faces intertwined challenges: environmental degradation, climate vulnerability, resource scarcity, and weakened governance.

In this context, environmental education (EE) is not merely an academic subject but a foundational strategy for peacebuilding, resilience, and sustainable recovery.

The barrier to cheating has evaporated: ChatGPT is a ghost in the machine, ready to write essays or code in seconds. Academia’s arms race of detectors and proctoring misses the point—mass AI use is a referendum on assessments that are so hollow a machine can pass them. Students lose the invisible curriculum: the cognitive friction that builds stamina for complex thought. The only solution is to stop asking questions AI can answer and design assessments that are personal, oral, and process‑based.